3D photos from a single hand held camera

The idea was simple: I wanted to take long distance 3D photos with a single camera by taking multiple photos with a little bit of manual separation to create parallax.

• The journey from concept to reality
• What’s important to get right
• TL;DR
• What must be done well
• Can correct in the edit
• What you can relax on a little
• Have fun experimenting
• Things to help you do it hand held
• Ghost image
• Grid lines
• Phone apps
• Hedgecam 2
• Open camera
• Dedicated apps
• Resolution of the photos
• Corrections
• Timing

My first design to achieve this was to have two tripods, a bar in between them, and a radio controlled camera mount to move the camera between the locations while using the same calibration. But the journey to my final solution is an excellent example of the benefits of iterating and re-thinking your plan from time to time.

Above: Me playing with ideas.

On the first day, I was particularly short for time, so I opted for a much simpler design where I’d use multiple tripods, with a bar and level to calibrate them, and then moved the camera between them while trying to disturb them as little as possible. This took 3 hours per shot.

Above: Setting up the first go outside.

After several iterations, I got to being able to use a camera, even without ghosting, to reliably take good shots in seconds.

Above: My final method when using a dedicated camera.

There are several things to get right when taking the photos. So it helps to prioritise which things you concentrate on.

Generally:

• Rotation (roll, pitch, yaw) can be fixed in the edit. But always comes with consequences.
• Linear positions (x, y, z) are extremely difficult to edit to a good-enough standard.

If these items are not done well; they will cause eye strain.

• Exposure - How bright is each image? You may be able to fix this in the final edit, but you will loose quality. If it doesn’t precisely match, it will cause eye strain. It’s worth using a camera or app where you can manually lock the final exposure.
• Have as little movement as possible within the photos. A tiny bit of movement will destroy the effect. So static scenes are much easier to shoot than dynamic ones.
• Pitch (is the camera looking more up or down compared to the other photo?) - Correction: With a high quality lens, you might be able to get away with this being off if you crop and align the shots. But with consumer grade gear, there will be distortions that will simply be too great for the final image to be usable.
• Z axis (how close you are to the subject.)
• Y axis (how high the camera is). - Correction: This can not be fixed in the edit without significant time investment to reconstruct the composition of each shot. Even a little bit is enough to make the final image difficult to look at.
• Overlap. - After the two images have been aligned in the final edit, the entire output must contain both images. If some area only includes one of the two images, it feels like something is partially covering one eye, which leads to eye strain. This can be achieved by cropping, which reduces the usable area of each image.

You can tolerate a little error in these as long as you correct them in the edit. Note that the further off these are, the more likely you are to hit issues with any distortions in your optics.

• Roll (ie what it looks like if you tilt your head side-to-side.)

• Yaw (how cross-eyed the shots are.) - This is less important than people often state. However the further off this is, the more you will have to crop out of the final edit. You still need to make sure that your convergence point is neutral in the edit.

• X axis (how far apart the two shots are.) - Normally, you want the separation to be the same as the distance between your eyes, at the maximum (too much feels like going cross-eyed). For long distance shots, it is interesting to experiment with more separation to get more 3D effect. A little separation goes a long way, and too much will make the viewer go cross-eyed. So it’s worth experimenting to see what gives you the best results.
  • I’ve found the wiggle grams benefit from greater separation. While mediums that allocate one image per eye, like anaglyph, or polarised lenses, benefit from a smaller separation.

Ghost image is a feature to show your previous shot at the same time as your current shot to help you get them aligned. This makes it massively easier to get the subject aligned nicely between the shots.

Above: A screenshot showing what ghosting looks like in action.

There are other great reasons for using Grid lines (lines drawn on yoru camera’s display that divide the view into sections.) But for this purpose, they are great for aligning the subject consistently. It’s especially helpful if your camera/app doesn’t have the ability to ghost the previous image.

Above: A screenshot showing grid lines in action.

Hedgecam 2 has “Ghost image” in the “Preview” settings.

Above: A screenshot showing the Ghost image setting in Hedgecam 2

Open camera has “Ghost image” in the “Camera preview” settings.

Above: A screenshot showing the Ghost image setting in Open camera.

MakeIt3D is one that I have tried breifly. It’s a bit hit and miss, and I can’t see a way to fix problems that should be fixable, but it’s quick and can get some good results with some effort.

Above: A screenshot of MakeIt3D.

Turning up the resolution as high as possible will give you more room to fix issues with less impact to the quality. Phone cameras are highly optimised and can do quirky things when you mess with the settings. So it’s worth testing to see how your phone behaves at different resolutions.

I have found the following mistakes in the video:

• When taking the photos
  • The Y axis MUST be consistent between shots.
  • The pitch axis can actually tolerate a little error if you have high-end optics and the digital processing it not distorting the output. However for consumer gear, you’re better off getting this right first time.

I released the video on 2022-05-25. At the time I was focused on Patreon, so I never got around to doing a blog post for it. Now seemed like a good moment to fix that.